Evaluation of post-operative dry eye in upper and lower eyelid reconstruction: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: In cases of eyelid malignancies requiring full thickness excisional biopsy followed by reconstruction of the created defect, the Meibomian glands are lost. Post?operative varying degrees of dry eye disease (DED) are expected in such patients. The aim was to evaluate the objective and subjective statuses of DED in cases of full thickness eyelid reconstruction following excisional biopsy because of malignancies. Methods: This was a cross?sectional pilot study. Objective and subjective dry eye parameters are assessed in cases of full thickness eyelid reconstruction following excisional biopsy because of malignancies in 37 eyes at 6 months post?operative follow?up. Analysis of variance and Chi square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: When compared with fellow eye, all the parameters were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0). Subjective assessment of dry eye by ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring did not corroborate with the objective data (p 0.00). Lower eyelid reconstruction showed a minimum number of dry eye cases (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of post?operative dry eye is more with increasing percentage of full thickness upper eyelid reconstruction. Disparity was found between objective and subjective parameters of dry eye in patients requiring varying percentages of upper eyelid reconstruction because of malignancies.

Reconstrucción palpebral luego de una resección total por cáncer / Palpebral reconstruction after total resection due to cancer

Introducción: La incidencia de los tumores malignos palpebrales varía según las diferentes razas. Su frecuencia aumenta con la edad y su aparición está relacionada con factores genéticos, virales y ambientales. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con una lesión tumoral en el párpado inferior al que se le realizó la reconstrucción palpebral luego de una resección parcial por cáncer con técnica combinada que incluyó Mustardé e injerto de mucosa. Presentación de caso: Paciente masculino de 76 años de edad con antecedentes de salud. Hace un año atrás comenzó a presentar una lesión endurada en el párpado inferior izquierdo hacia el canto interno del ojo, que fue aumentando de volumen, con una ulceración posterior. En el examen físico se observó una lesión ulcerada y sucia de aproximadamente 2 ( 2,5 cm, que comprometía los 2/3 mediales del parpado inferior, incluyendo la vía conducto lagrimal. Tras la intervención quirúrgica la extirpación creó un defecto correspondiente a la ausencia en todos los planos anatómicos en casi la totalidad del párpado inferior izquierdo, por lo que se planeó un colgajo de avance de la mejilla. El estudio histopatológico confirmó un carcinoma epidermoide completamente resecado. Conclusiones: Esta cirugía combinada permitió una exéresis amplia del tumor con el margen oncológico requerido y la sustitución aproximada de las estructuras del párpado. Se lograron una funcionabilidad adecuada y una cubierta del globo ocular óptima en su porción inferior, además de armónico con el contralateral(AU)

Introduction: The incidence of palpebral malignant tumors varies according to different races. Its frequency increases with age and its occurrence is related to genetic, viral and environmental factors. Objective: To present a case with a tumor lesion in the lower eyelid, who underwent palpebral reconstruction after a partial resection due to cancer with a combined technique including Mustardé and mucosal graft and its clinical evolution. Case presentation: 76-year-old male patient with a medical history. One year ago he began to present an indurated lesion on the left lower eyelid towards the inner canthus of the eye that was increasing in volume, with subsequent ulceration. Physical examination revealed an ulcerated and dirty lesion of approximately 2 ( 2.5 cm involving the medial 2/3 of the lower eyelid, including the lacrimal duct. After surgery the excision created a defect corresponding to the absence in all anatomic planes in almost the entire left lower eyelid, so a cheek advancement flap was planned. Histopathologic study confirmed a completely resected epidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions: This combined surgery allowed wide excision of the tumor with the required oncologic margin and approximate replacement of the eyelid structures. Adequate functionality and optimal eyeball cover was achieved in its lower portion, as well as harmonic with the contralateral one(AU)

Auricular skin-cartilage sandwich graft technique for full-thickness eyelid reconstruction

Full?thickness deficiency of eyelid tissues can result in coloboma or retraction or both. Here we report our initial experience on the use of auricular skin?cartilage sandwich graft technique for full?thickness eyelid deformities. Five patients (4� years) underwent the procedure. Patients with full?thickness eyelid deformity were included. Three patients were operated for large?sized coloboma and two for eyelid retraction. One patient had congenital, and four patients had acquired etiology. The following parameters were specifically assessed: correction of deformity, ocular surface problems, graft status, and epithelization of skin?cartilage graft. All the patients had a good correction of eyelid position, except one patient who had severe eyelid retraction (8 mm) at presentation. None of our patients had corneal erosion/defect, persistent ocular surface redness, or graft loss. The auricular skin?cartilage sandwich graft technique produces optimal results with no graft loss. Advancement of orbicularis muscle in between the auricular skin and cartilage grafts (sandwich technique) is an imperative step that leads to the survival of both grafts.

Trauma palpebral severo / Severe palpebral trauma

RESUMEN La ubicación anatómica de los párpados los predispone a ser dañados frecuentemente por causas traumáticas. Se informa la evolución de un paciente masculino, de 22 años de edad, remitido a la Consulta de Urgencia del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" por presentar trauma palpebral grave en su ojo izquierdo producido por un alambre. Al examen oftalmológico se constató colgajo extenso del párpado superior, que colgaba fijado de la porción temporal. Se comprobó herida horizontal de la aponeurosis del elevador del párpado superior, de bordes anfractuosos, que se extendía a todo el párpado, así como sección del canalículo superior. Se confirmó el diagnóstico de herida avulsiva grave, con afectación del borde libre palpebral y sección del canalículo superior. Se decidió la conducta quirúrgica: reconstrucción palpebral, que incluyó aponeurosis del músculo elevador del párpado superior, canalículo superior con sonda bicanalicular y borde libre palpebral. Durante el seguimiento se constataron buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales. El conocimiento de la anatomía palpebral y una reconstrucción minuciosa de los tejidos palpebrales permiten resultados posquirúrgicos excelentes en un trauma palpebral grave(AU)

ABSTRACT The anatomical location of the eyelids predisposes them to be frequently damaged by traumatic causes. The evolution of a patient aged 22 years is reported, who was referred at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology for presenting severe eyelid trauma in his left eye caused by a wire. The ophthalmological examination showed a large flap of the upper eyelid, which hung fixed from the temporal portion. Horizontal wound of the aponeurosis of the upper eyelid elevator, with an abnormal fracture, which extended to the entire eyelid, as well as section of the upper canaliculus, was found. The diagnosis of severe avulsive wound was confirmed, with involvement of the palpebral free edge and section of the upper canaliculus. Surgical behavior was decided: eyelid reconstruction, which included aponeurosis of the upper eyelid lift muscle, upper canaliculus with bicanalicular probe and palpebral free edge. During the follow-up, good aesthetic and functional results were observed. The knowledge of the eyelid anatomy and a thorough reconstruction of the eyelid tissues allow excellent post-surgical results in severe eyelid trauma(AU)

Effects of orbital septum fat redistribution on multiple malformation of upper eyelid after blepharoplasty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective The multiple malformation of upper eyelid,including the excessive width of fold line,sunken and/or multiple folded upper eyelid are the common complications after blepharoplasty.The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of orbital septum fat redistribution on correcting these deformities.Methods From September 2015 to September 2017,38 patients with multiple malformations of upper eyelid were treated.The incision of upper eyelid and the excessive skin was designed and resected.After completely relieving the scar adhesion zones,we set the lateral orbital septum fat free and transposed it to the inner side of orbital septum or superior border of tarsus with suturing fixation.Then we routinely completed the double eyelid operation.Results Thirty-eight patients with multiple malformations of upper eyelid were treated successfully.The patients were followed up for 6 months to one year,and the results were totally satisfactory.The operation was not performed again.Conclusions The orbital septum fat redistribution can successfully correct the multi ple malformation of upper eyelid.It should become a regular procedure in blepharoplasty.

Development of Macroporous Chitosan Scaffolds for Eyelid Tarsus Tissue Engineering

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of large eyelid defects remains challenging due to the lack of suitable eyelid tarsus tissue substitutes. We aimed to evaluate a novel bioengineered chitosan scaffold for use as an eyelid tarsus substitute.METHODS: Three-dimensional macroporous chitosan hydrogel scaffold were produced via cryogelation with specific biomechanical properties designed to directly match characteristics of native eyelid tarsus tissue. Scaffolds were characterized by confocal microscopy and tensile mechanical testing. To optimise biocompatibility, human eyelid skin fibroblasts were cultured from biopsy-sized samples of fresh eyelid skin. Immunological and gene expression analysis including specific fibroblast-specific markers were used to determine the rate of fibroblast de-differentiation in vitro and characterize cells cultured. Eyelid skin fibroblasts were then cultured over the chitosan scaffolds and the resultant adhesion and growth of cells were characterized using immunocytochemical staining.RESULTS: The chitosan scaffolds were shown to support the attachment and proliferation of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human orbital skin fibroblasts in vitro. Our novel bioengineered chitosan scaffold has demonstrated biomechanical compatibility and has the ability to support human eyelid skin fibroblast growth and proliferation.CONCLUSIONS: This bioengineered tissue has the potential to be used as a tarsus substitute during eyelid reconstruction, offering the opportunity to pre-seed the patient's own cells and represents a truly personalised approach to tissue engineering.

Autologous tissue reconstruction of tarsal plate combined with temporal flap in repairing full-thickness lower eyelid defect / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of combination of autologous tissue reconstruction of tarsal plate with temporal flap on repair of full-thickness lower eyelid defect.Methods:Eleven patients (11 eyes) underwent hard palate mucosa or ear cartilage combined the emporal flap with the orbicularis oculi muscle to repair full-thickness defect ofpalpebra inferior.Of the 11 patients,6 had more than 75％ eyelid defect area,and 5 had more than 50％ eyelid defect area.Results:All 11 eyes closed completely,with no entropion or ectropion,and returned to normal basically.Postoperative follow-up was performed for 6 months to 5 years,3 years and 4 months on average.The function and form of eyelid remained stable.Infection,leakage or contracture was not found on reconstruction tarsus.Conclusion:Reconstruction of eyelid with autogenous hard palate mucosa or ear cartilage combined the emporal flap with the orbicularis oculi muscle is a simple,convenient and effective method.

Clinical observation on allogeneic scleral transplantation for tarsus defect after the operation of eyelid malignant tumor / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of allogeneic scleral graft in reconstruction of defective tarsus after resection of malignant tumor of eyelid. <p>METHODS: We replaced the tarsus with allogeneic sclera and performed eyelid reconstruction in 24 eyes(24 cases)with defective tarsus after eyelid malignant tumor operation. In these cases, the length of defective tarsus was greater than 1/2 and the allogenic sclera material was selected from eyebank. <p>RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 3-12mo after operations. The shape was good after eyelid reconstruction and there was no dissolution or rejection in allograft sclera. The choroid was covered with conjunctival cells. Allogeneic sclera and skin join closely together and the defective area was completely repaired. Four eyes have mild to moderate eye lids margin inversion, and the inverted eyelid were corrected. Two eyes were with different degrees of eyelid ball adhesion so the separation operation was taken. <p>CONCLUSION: The allogeneic sclera has the advantages of good material stability, good biocompatibility, convenient conservation of materials, and easy operation. The eyelid is with good function and satisfactory appearance after operation, which is the ideal substitute material of tarsus.

Reconstrucción de defectos oncológicos palpebrales con colgajos regionales sin aporte condromucoso / Reconstruction of oncologic eyelid defects with local flaps with no condromucuos

Objetivo: caracterizar la reconstrucción palpebral de los defectos oncológicos de espesor total con colgajos regionales sin aporte condromucoso. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal con 30 pacientes, en los Servicios de Oftalmología y Cirugía Reconstructiva del Instituto Cubano de Oncología y Radiobiología, en el período 2009-2012. Se utilizaron las siguientes variables: edad (30-90 años), sexo, color de la piel, párpado afectado, histología del tumor (carcinoma basocelular o epidermoide), tamaño del defecto (desde 25 por ciento hasta 100 por ciento), tipo de reconstrucción, complicaciones, resultados funcionales que fueron buenos si el párpado tuvo posición y apertura normal y resultados estéticos que fueron buenos si tuvieron adecuada simetría con el otro párpado, buena función y poca cicatriz. Resultados: en la muestra predominó el sexo masculino; la edad media fue de 67 años y el tumor más frecuente fue el carcinoma basocelular. El colgajo más utilizado fue el de la región frontoglabelar. En cuanto a la funcionabilidad y estética de la reconstrucción, se obtuvieron buenos resultados en el 86,7 y 76,7 por ciento respectivamente. Las principales complicaciones estuvieron relacionadas con la técnica empleada y fueron el simbléfaron y el ectropión, con el 13,3 por ciento del total de la muestra. Conclusiones: la reconstrucción palpebral sin aporte condromucoso ofrece buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales, así como altas probabilidades de satisfacción de los pacientes, con un mínimo de complicaciones quirúrgicas(AU)

Objective: to characterize the reconstruction of full-thickness oncologic eyelid defects by using local flaps with no condromucous addition. Methods: prospective, descriptive and longitudinal study was carried out with 30 patients in the ophthalmology and reconstructive surgery services of the Cuban Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from 2009 to 2012. The following variables were used: age (30-90 years), sex, race, affected eyelid, tumor histology (basal cell or epidermoid carcinoma), defect size (25-100 percent), reconstruction type, complications, functional results that were rated as good if the lid had normal position and opening, and aesthetic results that were considered good if they show adequate symmetry with the other eye lid, good function and small scar. Results: males predominated in the sample; the mean age was 67 years and the most common tumor was basal cell carcinoma. The flap in the frontal and glabelar region was the most used. As for functionality and aesthetics of the reconstruction, good results were achieved in 86.7 percent and 76.7 percent of cases, respectively. The main complications were related with the surgical techniques, namely simblepharon and ectoprion accounting for 13.3 percent of the sample. Conclusions: eyelid reconstruction with no condromucosous addition offers good aesthetic and functional results, as well as great possibilities for attaining higher levels of patient's satisfaction, with minimal surgical complications(AU)

Repair of 50–75% full‑thickness lower eyelid defects: Lateral stabilization as a guiding principle.

Introduction: Repair of large defects of the lower eyelid can be difficult. A common procedure performed to address these defects is a Hughes flap. This procedure has a number of disadvantages: The eye is closed postoperatively, a second stage is required, and the edge of the flap is often erythematous. The purpose of this paper is to describe a one‑stage procedure for the repair of large full‑thickness defects of the lower lid as an alternative to a Hughes flap. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent the described procedure. The procedure employs lateral stabilization of the posterior lamella with a periosteal strip, medial transposition of the lateral posterior lamella for central and medial defects, and a myocutaneous advancement flap to stabilize the anterior lamella. Results: A total of 38 patients underwent the procedure to reconstruct full‑thickness defects of the lower lid ranging from 50% to 75%. All patients underwent previous Mohs excision of a skin cancer. The average follow‑up was 5.6 months. Eleven patients (29%) had postoperative sequelae, but only two patients (5%) required additional treatment. Conclusion: Lateral stabilization with a periosteal strip and myocutaneous advancement flap is an excellent one‑step procedure that avoids many of the complications seen with the Hughes procedure and is comparable to other techniques used for the reconstruction of subtotal, full‑thickness lower lid defects.

Aplicación de técnicas reconstructivas en el manejo de los pacientes con tumores malignos del párpado inferior / Use of reconstructive techniques in management of patients with lower eyelid malignant tumors

Objetivos: caracterizar la aplicación de las técnicas reconstructivas utilizadas en el manejo de los pacientes con tumores malignos de párpado inferior según edad, sexo, color de la piel, tipo de neoplasia, localización de la neoplasia, ojo afectado, clasificación quirúrgica y complicaciones posquirúrgicas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y longitudinal en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana, entre septiembre de 2013 y agosto de 2014, de pacientes que presentaron tumores malignos del párpado inferior. Se constituyó una muestra de 38 pacientes. Resultados: el sexo más afectado fue el masculino (73,6 por ciento); las edades más frecuente de presentación fueron entre 60 a 69 años (42,3 por ciento), en pacientes de piel blanca (86,8 por ciento). El carcinoma basocelular fue el de mayor incidencia histológica (68,5 por ciento); el ojo derecho fue el más vulnerado (65,8 por cietno), en la localización del tercio medio del párpado inferior; el mayor grupo se clasificó como T2N0M0 (39,5 por ciento). La complicación aguda más frecuente fue el hematoma del sitio operatorio (10,5 por ciento) y dentro de las tardías el lagoftalmo (7,8 por ciento). La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue el colgajo rotado de mejilla (34,2 por ciento). Conclusiones: los resultados logrados en la reconstrucción integral del párpado inferior fueron satisfactorios en todos los casos, estructural y funcionalmente, con una mejoría de la apariencia física y de la calidad de vida de los pacientes(AU)

Objectives: to characterize the use of reconstructive techniques to manage patients with malignant lower eyelid tumor as per age, sex, race, type and location of neoplasia, affected eye, surgical classification and postsurgery complications. Methods: descriptive and longitudinal study carried out in the National Oncology and Radiobiology Institute in Havana city from September 2013 through August 2014. The study sample was made up of 38 patients who suffered malignant lower eyelid tumors. Results: males (73,6 percent); 60 to 69 years old patients (42,3 percent) and Caucasians (86,8 percent) were the most affected people. Basal cell carcinoma showed the most histological incidence (68,5 percent); the right eye was the most vulnerable (65,8 percent) and tumor location in the middle third of the eyelid (31,5 percent) prevailed. Most part of the patients was included in the T2 N0M0 staging group; (39,5 percent). The main severe complication was hematoma in the surgical site (10,5 percent) whereas lagophtalmo (7,8 percent) was predominant in the postoperative complications. Rotate cheek flap technique was the most used for the reconstruction of the eyelid (34,2 percent). Conclusions: the results of the comprehensive reconstruction of the lower eyelid were operationally and structurally satisfactory in all cases, with better physical appearance and higher quality of life in all patients(AU)

Patients′self-care management after eyelid reconstructing with free flap-skin / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the method of self-care management education for patients who have received the eyelid reconstruction surgery by transplanting with free flap-skin. Methods There were 11 cases (15 eyes) who achieved self-care management and continued nursing, including the preoperative, postoperative nursing care of the donor-skin area, eye nursing, diet guidance, medication guidance, safety protection and its like. Results None of the cases revealed infection and all the grafts showed good biological activity among the 11 cases (15 eyes). Conclusions After self-care management education and continued nursing, the averaged hospitalization days of the patients are shortened; the cost is reduced, and the successful rate of the eyelid′s construction by free skin-flap transplantation is enhanced. Self-care management education and continued nursing care played an important role in promoting the healing and improving the successful rate of eyelid′s skin-flap transplantation.

Reconstruction of Eyelid Defects after Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Skin Cancer of the Eyelid / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The reconstruction of eyelid defects is extremely complex because both functional and aesthetic aspects should be considered. Numerous techniques for reconstruction are available for repairing eyelid defects, depending on the size, location, and extent of the defect. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness and cosmetic consequences of various reconstruction techniques for eyelid defects after Mohs micrographic surgery. METHODS: Twenty patients who received a diagnosis of skin cancer of the eyelids from November 2005 to August 2009 were analyzed. Among them, 15 patients were treated with a local flap to reconstruct the defective eyelids, and the remaining patients were treated with primary closure. The medical records and photographs were reviewed by two independent physicians, and postoperative results were evaluated. RESULTS: Eyelid defects were reconstructed with various surgical techniques, such as primary closure, transposition flap, subcutaneous island pedicle flap, advancement flap, rotation flap, Tenzel flap, and hard palate mucous membrane graft. The cosmetic results were satisfactory, and 16 of 20 (80%) patients showed good to excellent results. However, one patient developed a sclera show and another patient showed tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Many reconstruction techniques can be used for eyelid defects. An optimal choice would be one that is based on the extent, depth, and location of the defect; skin condition and wishes of the patient; and the surgeon's experience. Furthermore, it is important to have an understanding of the anatomy of the eyelid, the basic principles of the reconstruction techniques, and the merits and drawbacks of each technique.

Reconstrucción palpebral inferior después de la escisión de tumores malignos / Lower eyelid reconstruction after excision of malignancies

Se presentan 4 casos clínicos de pacientes de 46-76 años con carcinomas basocelular y escamoso de párpado inferior, diagnosticados en la consulta oftalmológica del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso". A los afectados se le realizó tarsectomía parcial o total con reconstrucción palpebral mediante colgajos miocutáneos en islas de área cigomática y músculo nasal. Los resultados tanto funcionales como estéticos fueron óptimos y se corroboró la efectividad de los colgajos antes citados.

Four case reports of patients of 46-76 years with squamous-cell carcinoma and basal-cell epithelioma of lower eyelid was described, diagnosed in the ophthalmology department of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital. In those affected a partial or total tarsectomy with eyelid reconstruction by means of island myocutaneous flaps of zygomatic area and nasal muscle was performed. The functional and aesthetic results were optimal and the effectiveness of these flaps was confirmed.

Large full thickness medial canthal reconstruction: a report of two cases and review of literature

The reconstruction of the upper eyelid with medial canthal involvement post extensive removal of malignant tumour remains a challenge. Proper eyelid reconstruction is necessary to re-establish anatomic integrity, restoration of its functions and to maintain the best cosmetic appearance. These case reports illustrate an alternative reconstructive technique for large upper eyelid full thickness defect with medial canthal involvement. Two cases of upper eyelid tumours involving medial canthal region underwent staged reconstruction by glabellar flap advancement and reconstruction of the posterior lamellar with autologous graft using buccal mucosa and ear cartilage. The posterior lamellar graft and flap survived without any complication except for mild eyelid margin notching in one of the two cases. The staged reconstruction with glabellar flap advancement provides adequate defect coverage, excellent blood supply, maintains eyebrow contour and function of the eyelid. The flap also perfectly matches the surrounding tissue with minimal donor site morbidity.

Simultaneous Upper and Lower Eyelid Reconstruction for Eyelid Defects Following a Dog Bite

PURPOSE: While the principles of eyelid reconstruction are well established, the rapid choice of a method of upper and lower eyelid defect reconstruction is difficult. The authors present a successful case of simultaneous reconstruction of upper and lower eyelid defects with a modified paramedian forehead flap resulting from a dog bite. CASE SUMMARY: The authors report a case of a 77-year-old woman with total hyphema and extensive skin defects involving the forehead, cheek, and upper and lower eyelid resulting from a dog bite. The wound on the left periorbital area was treated with microimplantation and skin grafts from the left thigh and groin. In the weeks following, sequential failure of the flap and skin graft was observed, and exposed keratitis worsened, resulting in corneal perforation. Evisceration with hydroxyapatite implantation and paramedian forehead flap was performed. After 3 weeks, division of the pedicle, transverse division of the flap, and socket reconstruction were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of large, full thickness defects of both upper and lower eyelids with a paramedian forehead flap is associated with a good cosmetic outcome. Paramedian forehead flap should be considered as an effective choice for simultaneous upper and lower eyelid reconstruction.

Experimental study on the eyelid reconstruction in situ with the silk fibroin membrane / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Autologous and allograft renal transplantation exist some disadvantages of less donor source and rejection.As a scaffold of cell in tissue engineering,fibroin was determined to have a good biocompatibility.But whether the fibroin membrane can become a substitution for tissue defect is seldom reported.Objective This experiment aimed to investigate the feasibility of silk fibroin membrane in the rabbit eyelid reconstruction in situ.Methods A 4 mmx3 mm tarsi defect model was created on the upper eyelids of 18 healthy New Zealand white rabbits.The eyelid reconstruction in situ was performed with regenerated silk fibroin membrane material in the right upper eyelids (silk fibroin group ) and allogenic sclera material (sclera group ) on the upper eyelids of fellow eyes.The grafts were clinically examined for the evaluation of inflammation and implant exposure at the first,second and forth week after operation.The inflammation response and collagen distribution were examined by hematoxylin & eosin staining and Masson staining.Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the grafts was detected by immunohistochemistry,and ImagePro Plus software was used for statistical analysis.Results All eyelid defects showed a primary healing.The surface of palpebral conjunctival was smooth and the inflammation of ocular surface was mild.The eyelid margin in the sclera group was more notch than that in the silk fibroin group.Results of pathological examination revealed that the arrangement of collagen fibers in the sclera group was more disordered,but that in the silk fibroin group was regular.The expression level(A value) of b-FGF in the operative area in silk fibroin group were 0.027 67±0.004 69,0.051 73±0.008 72,0.058 72±0.006 88,and those in the sclera group were 0.056 48±0.009 14,0.072 83 ± 0.009 17 and 0.078 73 ±0.010 84 in 1,2,4 weeks after operation,showing statistically significant differences between two groups in various time points ( t =- 6.38,t =- 4.99,t =- 2.87,P ＜0.05 ).Conclusions Silk fibroin membrane can reconstruct the eyelid shape in situ with the less inflammation response and good biocompatibility.Silk fibroin membrane could be used to support the eyelid as a new tarsal repairing materials.

Reconstruction of Lower Eyelid Defect using Neighboring Remnant Skin

PURPOSE: Facial tumor excision is a common cause of lower eyelid defect in old patients. Many methods have been introduced for the reconstruction of lower eyelid. However, conventional surgical method can cause various complications like scar, ectropion and unnatural color matching. Thus, we introduce a simple and aesthetically acceptable method for the reconstruction of lower eyelid defect. METHODS: Three elderly patients with skin cancer in the unilateral lower eyelid were operated by the new method. Following a wide excision of skin cancer, subcilliary incision of lower blepharoplasty was carried out. Elevated skin flap of lower eyelid was redrapped for the correction of defect and the remnant skin from lateral portion of lower eyelid was used for full thickness skin graft(FTSG) to correct the remaining defect. RESULTS: All grafts survived and color match of the graft was excellent without ectropion. Furthermore, wrinkles of the lower eyelid were improved after the blepharoplasty. CONCLUSION: Lower eyelid defect resulting from wide excision of malignant tumor in old patients could be reconstructed successfully by modifying the conventional lower eyelid blepharoplasty along with FTSG using the remnant skin.

Upper Eyelid Reconstruction Using the Medpor(R) Sheet and Median Forehead Flap

PURPOSE: To report the upper eyelid reconstruction with median forehead flap and Medpor(R) sheet implant following full-thickness eyelid defect resulting from tumor resection. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old woman was examined at our hospital for a recurrent mass on the right upper eyelid. A wide tumor excision with a 3 mm margin and an eyelid reconstruction procedure were performed after a frozen section biopsy revealed a malignancy. The full-thickness eyelid defect was reconstructed with a median forehead flap as a substitute for skin and muscle and a Medpor(R) sheet substituted for tarsal plate was sutured with a lower conjunctiva flap for posterior lamella. The histopathology diagnosis of the lesion showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The lower conjunctiva was separated at 2 weeks after surgery, and then the median forehead flap detached from the upper eyelid skin at 8 weeks after surgery. One year postoperatively, there was no evidence of a wound infection and an exposure of the Medpor(R) sheet. The eyelid had a good cosmetic contour and the movement of the eyelid during blinking was natural. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a Medpor(R) sheet as a substitute for a tarsal plate in reconstructive procedures of the upper eyelid defect shows cosmetic and functional success.

Composite Graft for Eyelid Reconstruction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe successful reconstruction of upper eyelid defect using a composite graft from the contralateral eyelid. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old-female patient presented with pigmented mass of the left upper tarsoconjunctiva. She underwent tumor resection and eyelid reconstruction with periosteal flap due to recurred malignant melanoma on her left lower conjunctiva 3 years ago. The left upper eyelid was reconstructed using a composite graft from the contralateral upper eyelid. CONCLUSIONS: A satisfactory result, both functionally and cosmetically, was obtained during the follow-up period of 10 months. Composite graft isan ideal option for the reconstruction of eyelid defect which is difficult to correct successfully with other conventional methods. A case of eyelid reconstruction using a composite graft from the contralateral eyelid is herein reported with good functional and cosmetic results.